Trikotilomani (Saç Koparma Hastalığı) Nedir?
14 Eylül 2022
Çocuklarda Mahremiyet Eğitimi
19 Eylül 2022
Kleptomani
Kleptomani Nedir?
Toplumda bir şeyler çalma hastalığı ya da hırsızlık hastalığı olarak bilinen kleptomani, kişinin kendi işine yaramayacak, ya da maddi olarak kendisine fayda sağlamayacak nesneleri çalmaya yönelik karşı konulamaz dürtüler hissettiği bir dürtü denetim bozukluğudur.
Çalma dürtüsü o kadar yoğundur ki bireyler hırsızlık yapmak istemeseler bile kendilerine engel olamazlar.
Mağazalardan ya da marketlerden bir şey çalma olarak ortaya çıkabilirken bazen aile ve arkadaşlardan bir şeyler çalmak olarak da ortaya çıkar.
Önce çalmak için çok güçlü bir dürtü duyarlar. Ardından bir gerginlik hissederler ve bu gerginlik bir şey çalana kadar devam eder. Genellikle bir şeyler çaldıktan sonra pişman olurlar.
Çaldıkları ürünleri genellikle ya bir başkasına hediye ederler ya da atarlar. Bazen de bu eşyaları kullanırlar.
Alkol bağımlılığı ya da depresyon gibi psikolojik rahatsızlıkları olan bireylerde kleptomani ek tanı olarak konulmaktadır.
Kleptomaniden tedavi olan kadın sayısı erkeklerden daha fazladır ancak bunun sebebi kadın hastaların erkek hastalardan daha fazla psikolojik destek almak istemesiyle alakalı olabileceği için kesin bir yorum yapmak zordur.
Kleptomaninin belirtileri nelerdir?
Birçok bireyde hemen hemen aynı belirtilerle ortaya çıkar.
• İhtiyaç duyulmayan nesneleri çalmak için karşı konulamayan dürtüler duyma.
• Çalma dürtülerini kontrol edememe
• Çalma dürtüsüyle beraber gerginlik ve huzursuzluk hissetme
• Çalma eyleminden sonra kendini kötü hissetme ve utanma
• Utanma ve kendini kötü hissetmeye rağmen yeniden çalma dürtüsü duyma
Kleptomaninin sebepleri
Kleptomaninin asıl nedeni hala bilinmemekle beraber sebep olduğu düşünülen birkaç durum söz konusudur.
• Serotonin adı verilen, nörotransmitter maddenin dengesizliğidir. Serotonin, bireylerin ruh halinin dengelenmesine ve mutlu hissetmeye yarar. Serotonin eksikliği kişinin kendini daha depresif ve mutsuz hissetmesine sebep olmaktadır. Kleptomani gibi dürtü durum bozukluğu olan bireylerde, serotonin seviyesinin normalden daha düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
• Beyindeki dürtüleri düzenlemek ve kontrol etmekle görevli opioid sisteminin bozulması. Opioid sistemindeki bozulmalar bireylerin dürtülere karşı koymasını zorlaştırmaktadır.
• Bir diğer neden ise çalma anında kişinin heyecanlanması sonucu salgılanan dopamindir. Dopamin salınımı bireylerin çalma eylemi sırasında tatmin olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bağımlıık yapmakta ve bireylerin sürekli çalma eylemini gerçekleştirmesine sebep olmaktadır.
Kleptomaninin tedavisi
Kleptomaninin bilinen net bir tedavisi olmamakla beraber psikoterapi ve ilaç tedavisiyle ilerlenmektedir. Terapistin uygun bulduğu yönteme bağlı olarak kişiye bağlı terapi yöntemleri değişmektedir.
Bilişsel davranışçı terapi yaygın olarak kullanılır. Bireylerin negatif düşüncelerini pozitife çevirmeyi hedefler. İlaç tedavisi ile serotonin seviyesinin düzenlenmesi ve opioid sisteminin düzenli çalışması hedeflenmektedir.
Fakat toplum damgalanması ve dışlanma korkuları teşhis ve tedavi sürecini zorlaştırmaktadır. Kleptomaninin ortalama başlangıç yaşı 20 yaş civarlarındadır.
Hastaların psikiyatrik destek için başvurmaları ortalama olarak 36 -38 yaşını bulmaktadır. Toplum ve ailenin tepkisi bireyin tedaviye başlamasını veya devam etmesini çok etkilemektedir.
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