Oyun Terapisi Nedir?
Pandemi Sonrası Okula Adaptasyon
17 Kasım 2021
Beden İmajı ve Beden Olumlama
19 Kasım 2021
Oyun Terapisi
Çocuğun kendi problemlerini, ihtiyaçlarını, düşünce ve duygularını doğal bir şekilde ifade etmesi oyun terapisinin temelini oluşturur.
Yetişkinler problemlerini, ihtiyaçlarını, düşünce ve duygularını “konuşarak” dile getirirken çocuklar da problemlerini, ihtiyaçlarını, düşünce ve duygularını “oyun oynayarak” ifade ederler.
Oyun ve oyuncaklar yardımıyla çocuğun kendi problemlerini, ihtiyaçlarını, düşünce ve duygularını ifade etmelerini sağlayan terapi türüne “oyun terapisi” denir.
Oyun terapisi ile amaçlanan çocuğun problemlerini, ihtiyaçlarını, düşünce ve duygularını, bilişsel ve sosyal becerilerini oyun aracılığıyla meydana çıkarmaktır.
Oyun terapisti, ilk aşamada çocuğun ebeveynleri ve bakım verenleri (dadı, büyükanne, dede vb.) ile görüşür. Bu görüşmelerde çocuğun hikayesine ve sorunlarına değinilir. Çocuğun yaşadığı probleme yönelik bir plan oluşturulur.
Oyun terapisti, çocuğu dinler, izler, anlar, bazen oyun oynar, duygularını ortaya çıkarır, çocukla duyguları hakkında konuşur. Oyun terapisi odası; oyun terapisine yönelik oyuncakların ve materyallerin bulunduğu, çocuğun kendini güvende hissedebileceği, kullanışlı bir odadır. Günlük hayatta kullanılan nesneler (bebekler, kuklalar, çamaşır ve bulaşık makinesi vb.) oyuncak haliyle oyun terapisi odasında bulunur. Böylece gerçeklik yansıtılmaya çalışılır. Saldırganlığı (agresyon) ortaya çıkarmaya yönelik oyuncaklar (askerler, dart oyunu, hacıyatmaz vb.) ile yaratıcı düşünce ve duygu salınımı sağlamaya yönelik oyuncaklar (kum, oyuncak hamur, kağıt, kalemler vb.) yer alır.
Oyun terapisi, genellikle 2 ve 11 yaşları arasındaki çocuklar için idealdir.
Çocuk 2 yaşına geldiğinde oyun oynamaya başlar. Bazı durumlarda 11 yaşından büyük çocuklarda da oyun terapisinin tercih edildiği görülür.
Seans sayısı; çocuğun problemine, problemin nasıl algılandığına, çocuk ve ailenin talep ve beklentilerine göre değişkenlik gösterir.
Oyun terapisi çocuğun hem bilişsel hem de sosyal gelişimini destekler.
Çocukta herhangi bir problem yokken dahi oyun terapisi aracılığıyla hem bilişsel hem de sosyal gelişimine katkı sağlanabilir.
Ayrıca, Oyun terapisine ihtiyaç duyulan birçok durum vardır.
Bu durumlar aşağıda sıralanmıştır:
- Uyku ve yeme bozuklukları
- Kardeş kıskançlığı
- Kaygı ve takıntı problemleri
- Fobiler ve tikler
- Depresyon
- Korku problemleri
- Ölüm ve yas süreci
- Boşanma
- Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (Aşırı Hareketlilik)
- Dürtüsellik
- Hastalık süreleri
- Travma
- Özgüven problemleri
- Sosyal beceri problemleri
- Şiddet
- Taciz
- Okula başlama
- Uyum problemleri
- Seçiçi konuşmazlık
- Saldırganlık
- Evlatlık olma
- İstismar (Fiziksel, duygusal, cinsel)
- Bağlanma problemleri
- Enürosiz (alt ıslatma)
- Enkopresiz (kaka tutma - yapma problemleri)
- Taşınma
- Akran zorbalığı
- Sosyal içe kapanıklık
- İletişim problemleri
- Sınır koyma
- Gecikmiş gelişim
- Fiziksel yetersizlikler
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