Bireylerin normal olmayan bir şekilde birine (anne, baba, sevgili, arkadaş gibi) bağlanması ve o kişiden ayrılma düşüncesiyle bile yoğun stres, kaygı ve korku duymasıdır.
Ayrılma kaygısı olan kişiler, bağlandıkları kişiden ayrılmamak, o kişinin yanında kalmak için işlerini, okullarını, sorumluluklarını aksatırlar.
Ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu, travmatik olaylar, çevresel faktörler, ebeveynlerin tutumları gibi nedenlerden kaynaklanabilir.
Travmatik olaylar, çocukluk ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan ayrılık kaygısı bozukluğunun en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Ölüm, ayrılık, taciz, kaza, aile içi şiddet gibi travmatik olaylar, bireylerin psikolojilerini olumsuz etkilemekte ve çevrelerindeki kişilere karşı daha bağımlı hale getirmektedir. Örneğin, annesini kaybetmiş bir çocuk babasına bağlanmakta ve yoğun kaybetme korkusu yaşamaktadır veya sevgilisi tarafından terk edilen bir kişi bir sonraki ilişkisinde ayrılma korkusuyla sevgilisine daha çok bağlanmaktadır.
Ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğunun ortaya çıkmasının nedenlerinden bir diğeri de ebeveynlerin tutumlarıdır. Çocuklarını aşırı korumacı bir tavırla ve kendilerine bağımlı olarak yetiştiren anne-babaların çocuklarında ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu görülmektedir.
1- Evden ya da bağlandığı başlıca kişilerden ayrılacak gibi olduğunda ya da ayrıldığında hep aşırı tasalanma.
2- Bağlandığı başlıca kişileri yitireceği ya da bu kişilerin başına hastalık, yaralanma, yıkım, ölüm gibi kötü bir olay geleceğiyle ilgili olarak sürekli bir biçimde, aşırı tasalanma.
3- Bağlandığı başlıca kişilerden birinden ayrılmaya neden olacak, istenmedik bir olay (örn. kaybolma, kaçırılma, bir kaza geçirme, hastalanma) yaşayacağıyla ilgili olarak, sürekli bir biçimde aşırı tasalanma.
4- Ayrılma korkusundan ötürü, okula, işe ya da başka bir yere gitmek için dışarı çıkmayı, evden uzaklaşmayı hiç istememe ya da buna karşı koyma.
5- Evde ya da başka ortamlarda tek başına kalmaktan ya da bağlandığı başlıca kişilerle birlikte olmamaktan, sürekli bir biçimde, aşırı korku duyma ya da bu konuda isteksizlik gösterme.
6- Evinin dışında ya da bağlandığı başlıca kişilerden biri yanında olmadan uyuma konusunda isteksizlik gösterme ya da buna karşı koyma.
7- Yineleyici bir biçimde, ayrılma konusunu da içeren karabasanlar görme.
8- Bağlandığı başlıca kişilerden ayrıldığında ya da ayrılacak gibi olduğunda bedensel belirtilerle (örn. baş ağrıları, karın ağrıları, bulantı, kusma) ilgili yineleyen yakınmalarının olması.
Bu korku, kaygı ya da kaçınma süreklilik gösterir; çocuklarda ve ergenlerde en az dört hafta, erişkinlerde altı ay ya da daha uzun sürer.
Ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu, birçok farklı yol ile tedavi edilebilir. Ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu, psikoterapi yöntemleri ile tedavi edilebilmektedir.
Bilişsel davranışçı terapi, EMDR Terapisi, aile terapisi, oyun terapisi, psikodinamik, ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu tedavisinde kullanılan psikoterapi yöntemlerinden bazılarıdır. Ayrılma kaygısı bozukluğu tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemlerden bir tanesi de ilaç tedavisidir.
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