Bu kavram ilk kez Freud tarafından ortaya konulmuştur. Freud “Histeri Üzerine Çalışmalar” kitabında terapilerinde danışanlarının kendisiyle nasıl bir ilişki kurduklarına dikkat çekerek aktarımdan bahsetmiştir. Ayrıca, hasta danışan arasında yaşanan bu durumu tüm ilişkilerde olduğunu söylemiş ve bahsettiği bu aktarımın bilinçli yapılan bir şey olmadığını ve ilişkinin durumuna göre çok yıkıcı ve yapıcı sonuçlara sebep olabildiğinden bahsetmiştir.
Çocukluk döneminden taşınıp getirilen kişinin duygu ve beklentileri özellikle kişi geçmişte istismar, öfke, taciz ve travma gibi sorunları o dönemde çözememişse ya da bireyin ebeveyni ile arasında oluşan bir problemi ileriki yaşlarda başkalarının çözmesini beklenmesi onun için büyük bir problem haline gelebilir. Başka bir açıdan bakacak olursak; çocukluğunda kişi annesine bağımlı hale geldiyse yani kendi özerkliğini elde edemediyse ilerleyen yaşlarında doktoruna bağımlı hale gelmesine yine aktarım diyebiliriz.
Kişi doktorunu sık sık ziyaret eder, doktorun tayini nereye çıkarsa oraya gidebilir. Psikoterapi sürecinde bu tür aktarım sorunları ele alınır ve çözümlenir.
4 tane transferans aktarım türü vardır. Olumlu aktarım, olumsuz aktarım, aktarım nervozu ve karşıt aktarımdır. Olumlu aktarım kişinin terapistine sevgi ve hayranlık hissetmesine denir. Olumsuz aktarım kişinin terapistine güvenememesi ve terapistini ondan bir şeyler bekleyen çıkar sahibi biri olarak görmesine denir. Aktarım nervozu ise kişinin seansa neden başladığını unutması ve terapistine karşı sevgi beslemeye başlamasına ve bu durumun onun için önemli bir şey haline gelmesine denir.
Karşıt Aktarım terapistin danışana karşı duygu ve düşüncelerini yansıtmasıdır. Örneğin, terapist danışanına karşı öfke veya aşırı ilgi gösterebilir. Terapist bu durumu kontrol altına almalı ve psikoterapi sürecine göre hareket etmelidir. Eğer dikkat edilmezse “Kontr Transferans” ortaya çıkar. Bu yüzden, aktarım ilişkisine dikkat etmek çok önemlidir.
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